Device-based solutions supporting patients with swallowing problems

Abstract

<h3>Introduction</h3><p>Swallowing is a highly complex activity requiring the coordination of numerous muscles within the head and neck through connections from multiple areas within the central nervous system. Dysphagia is common and has long been known to lead to significant adverse effects on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Classical approaches toward dysphagia management involve input by clinical deglutologists who teach rehabilitative exercises and recommend alteration of the consistency of food and fluids. However, the evidence base in support of some of these approaches is inconsistent and requires further and larger studies to support their widespread implementation.</p><h3>Areas covered</h3><p>This paper shall explore some of these novel techniques and explore the evidence that they will alter the future of dysphagia care.</p><h3>Expert opinion</h3><p>Medical devices form one aspect of these rehabilitation strategies and over the past decade, numerous novel techniques targeting the complex swallowing sensorimotor pathway or swallowing associated musculature have come to prominence. These include interventions such as noninvasive brain stimulation, swallowing related biofeedback, and peripheral stimulation approaches, developed to bolster existing management methods. The evidence suggests that many of these approaches have the capability to enhance swallowing function and impact dysphagia recovery, however, more evidence is needed.</p>